Childhood growth of singletons conceived following IVF or ICSI: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background Assisted reproductive techniques are associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including low birthweight and intrauterine growth restriction. Yet, the long-term follow-up on the growth of these children is limited. Objective To systematically review the literature on post-neonatal height and weight among children conceived following in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment, compared with that of children born after spontaneous conception. Search strategy A systematic computerised literature search using the online databases PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. Selection criteria Cohort or case-control studies with an exposed group of singletons conceived following IVF or ICSI along with a control group of spontaneously conceived singletons. Data collection and analysis Studies were reviewed by at least two authors. Meta-analyses were conducted using Cochrane Review Manager. The quality of the studies was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Main results Twenty studies were included, with 13 of these eligible for meta-analyses. The meta-analyses compared 3972 children born after IVF/ICSI with 11 012 spontaneously conceived children and revealed no statistically significant difference in child weight [mean difference (MD) in weight of -160 g; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) -360, 3]. When stratifying by age of child at follow-up, we found a significant lower weight in children aged 0-4 years conceived following IVF/ICSI treatment (MD -180 g; 95% CI -320, -4), but this was no longer significant in children from 5 years of age (MD -160 g; 95% CI -580, 260). The pooled analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in childhood height. Conclusions In vitro fertilisation/ICSI was not associated with long-term weight and height.