The Pollution Particulate Concentrator (PoPCon): A platform to investigate the effects of particulate air pollutants on viral infectivity.

Anthropogenic air pollution is ubiquitous in urban areas worldwide. Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi in addition to other biological matter like endotoxins and spores comingle with particulate matter (PM) air pollutants but have rarely been considered in air pollution research. Microorganisms may be influenced by interactions with ambient panicles in matrices such as soil and dust leading to the inhibition or enhancement of viability and environmental stability (e.g. tolerance to variation in seasonality, temperature, humidity, etc.). Similar effects of airborne particles on microbes are plausible; however, to our knowledge the influence of PM on airborne microbes has remained largely unexamined. In the case of microbial agents of communicable disease, such as viruses, the potential for interactions with pollution may have public health implications. Here we describe an experimental platform to study aerosol-aerosol interactions between PM2.5 particulate from urban air and artificially generated viral bioaerosol. Preliminary studies using this platform have revealed interactions between PM2.5 and the enveloped bacteriophage Phi 6 that reduce infectivity of the bacteriophage by 44% compared to a control exposed only to HEPA-filtered air. Co-aerosolization and aging of concentrated PM2.5 with Phi 6 in combination with Phi X174 (a non-enveloped bacteriophage) showed a similar trend in reduction of Phi 6 infectivity but revealed an antithetical enhancement of Phi X174 infectivity compared to control exposures in HEPA-filtered air. Ongoing investigations are needed to understand the nature of interactions between bioaerosols and PM2.5 particles. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.