Long-term outcomes after cosmetic customized prostheses and dermis fat graft in congenital anophthalmia: a retrospective multicentre study

Purpose To evaluate long-term outcomes of progressively enlarging cosmetic customized prostheses (CCP) early after birth followed by dermis fat graft (DFG), as a strategy of socket rehabilitation in children with clinical congenital anophthalmia (CCA). Methods Twenty patients with unilateral and two patients with bilateral CCA were enrolled. All patients were treated by inserting a CCP at the time of their first assessment which was then enlarged. Subsequently they underwent DFG. Differences in vertical palpebral aperture (VPA) and horizontal palpebral length (HPL), between affected and unaffected sides, were recorded at the first CCP fitting as well as before and after DFG. Satisfaction with cosmetic results, prosthetic retention, and complications rate were assessed. Magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit was performed in all patients before and after surgery. Results A significant decrease in the difference between the normal and the anophthalmic side of both PA and HPL was found over follow-up. Both VPA and HPL differences decreased by 47.6% (10.5 mm, range 1–28 mm) and by 7.1% (5.8 mm, range 0–18 mm), respectively. Satisfaction in terms of cosmetic outcomes proved to be very positive, being “very satisfied” for families and “satisfied” for physicians. Excellent retention of prostheses was observed in all cases. Conclusions A rehabilitating strategy combining early CCP and further DFG proved to be a valuable approach in children with CCA, offering significant benefits in terms of socket expansion, prosthetic retention, psychological impact, and cosmetic outcomes.