Transfemoral transcatheter valve-in-valve-in-valve replacement.

From the Divisions of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. Disclosures: Authors have nothing to disclose with regard to commercial support. Received for publication Dec 16, 2015; revisions received Feb 11, 2016; accepted for publicationMarch 14, 2016; available ahead of print May 11, 2016. Address for reprints: Prashanth Vallabhajosyula, MD, MS, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 6 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (E-mail: prashant. vallabhajosyula@uphs.upenn.edu). J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016;152:622-3 0022-5223/$36.00 Copyright 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The American Association for Thoracic Surgery http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.03.047