Incidence and all-cause mortality for hip fracture in comparison to stroke, and myocardial infarction: a fifteen years population-based longitudinal study

Purpose This population-based study investigated the incidence, in-hospital and long-term all-cause mortality, for hip fracture (HipFx), stroke (STR), and myocardial infarction (MI) in residents hospitalized between 2000 and 2014. Methods Data about hospitalization were drawn from the administrative discharge database, whereas information about residents and all-cause mortality from the municipality of our town. Patients were followed-up from the first hospital admission until death or study end. For each cause, crude and age-adjusted all-cause mortality of men and women were compared by Mann–Whitney’s test and Poisson models. Separate age-sex adjusted Cox models were estimated and the corresponding adjusted survival curves were drawn. Results Among 1292 hospitalizations (of 1109 patients), 434 were for HipFx, 526 for STR, 332 for MI (183 with and 149 without coronary revascularization –MIwCR and MIwoCR, respectively). The incidence of HipFx and STR did not vary over time, MI slightly increasing in men. Age-adjusted in-hospital mortality for HipFx was lower than for STR and MIwoCR in the whole sample and in women ( p < 0.001), but not in men. After discharge, men with HipFx had shorter survival and higher crude and age-adjusted mortality rate than women. The estimated HRs(95%CI) in respect to patients with MIwCR (having the lowest mortality) were: 6.11(3.12–11.97), p < 0.001 for HipFx; 5.78(2.93–11.32), p < 0.001 for STR; 2.68(1.27–5.66), p = 0.010 for MIwoCR in the whole sample [ HR : 16.58(6.70–40.98) p < 0.001 for HipFx; 7.35(3.01–17.93) p < 0.001 for STR, in men]. Conclusions HipFx markedly impacts hospital care, and causes high in-hospital and long-term all-cause mortality, comparable to the two commonest non-tumor causes of death.