Dynamics and interactions of highly resolved marine plankton via automated high-frequency sampling

ISME JOURNAL(2018)

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摘要
Short timescale observations are valuable for understanding microbial ecological processes. We assessed dynamics in relative abundance and potential activities by sequencing the small sub-unit ribosomal RNA gene (rRNA gene) and rRNA molecules (rRNA) of Bacteria , Archaea , and Eukaryota once to twice daily between March 2014 and May 2014 from the surface ocean off Catalina Island, California. Typically Ostreococcus , Braarudosphaera , Teleaulax , and Synechococcus dominated phytoplankton sequences (including chloroplasts) while SAR11, Sulfitobacter , and Fluviicola dominated non-phytoplankton Bacteria and Archaea . We observed short-lived increases of diatoms, mostly Pseudo-nitzschia and Chaetoceros , with quickly responding Bacteria and Archaea including Flavobacteriaceae ( Polaribacter & Formosa ), Roseovarius , and Euryarchaeota (MGII), notably the exact amplicon sequence variants we observed responding similarly to another diatom bloom nearby, 3 years prior. We observed correlations representing known interactions among abundant phytoplankton rRNA sequences, demonstrating the biogeochemical and ecological relevance of such interactions: (1) The kleptochloroplastidic ciliate Mesodinium 18S rRNA gene sequences and a single Teleaulax taxon (via 16S rRNA gene sequences) were correlated (Spearman r = 0.83) yet uncorrelated to a Teleaulax 18S rRNA gene OTU, or any other taxon (consistent with a kleptochloroplastidic or karyokleptic relationship) and (2) the photosynthetic prymnesiophyte Braarudosphaera bigelowii and two strains of diazotrophic cyanobacterium UCYN-A were correlated and each taxon was also correlated to other taxa, including B . bigelowii to a verrucomicrobium and a dictyochophyte phytoplankter (all r > 0.8). We also report strong correlations ( r > 0.7) between various ciliates, bacteria, and phytoplankton, suggesting interactions via currently unknown mechanisms. These data reiterate the utility of high-frequency time series to show rapid microbial reactions to stimuli, and provide new information about in situ dynamics of previously recognized and hypothesized interactions.
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关键词
Microbial ecology,Water microbiology,Life Sciences,general,Microbiology,Ecology,Evolutionary Biology,Microbial Genetics and Genomics,Microbial Ecology
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