Challenges to Conducting Health Information Exchange Research and Evaluation: Reflections and Recommendations for Examining the Value of HIE.

Several options may exist to improve HIE research, including developing better conceptual models and methodological approaches to HIE research; formal partnerships between researchers and HIE entities; and establishing a nationwide database of HIE information. Our proposed approaches of promoting data availability, resource sharing, and new partnerships can help to overcome existing barriers and facilitate HIE research.