Celecoxib conjugated fluorescent probe for identification and discrimination of cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme in cancer cells.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme overexpressed in most types of cancers and has been used for an excellent targetable biomarker. Celecoxib is an effective inhibitor of COX-2, used in anti-inflammation. Herein we report a one and two-photon fluorescence probe (NP-C6-CXB) for COX-2, based on the conjugation of naphthalamide with Celecoxib, by using flexible hexylene linker. NP-C6-CXB is nonfluorescent in buffer solution and normal cells, while it shows bright fluorescence in solutions and cancer cells in the presence of COX-2 with an excellent selectivity. Interestingly, NP-C6-CXB can discriminate cancer cells (MCF-7) from normal cells (COS-7) in the single culture medium under confocal microscopy. Due to the selective binding affinity of NP-C6-CXB with a COX-2 enzyme, the intensity is proportional to the level of COX-2 enzyme in cancer cells. In vivo and in vitro experiments proved that NP-C6-CXB is a potential tool for identification of tumor and might be used in surgical resection of COX-2 expressed tumors.