Application of 3D visualization and 3D printing technology on ERCP for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an important treatment for inoperable hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCC). The aim of the present study as to evaluate the clinical value of three-dimensional visualization (3DV) and 3D printing (3DP) technologies for ERCP in patients with HCC. The clinical data of 15 patients with HCC admitted for ERCP were analyzed retrospectively, including 9 males and 6 females. Thin-sliced data of computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) were acquired and imported into Mimics Innovation Suite v17.0 software for 3D reconstruction. Standard Template Library files were exported for 3D printing. The target bile duct and Bismuth-Corlette (BC) classification were selected and performed respectively with the aid of Mimics Innovation Suite v17.0 software. The results were compared with the selected ones in ERCP. 3DV and 3DP models were successfully constructed for all patients, which presented the tumor, bile duct and the spatial relationship between them from multiple perspectives. The ERCP of all patients in the present study were performed successfully. The target bile duct screened by them had a high concordance rate of 86.7% with that in ERCP. The diagnostic accuracy of BC type results by 3DV and 3DP models was 93.3%. 3DV and 3DP technologies can accurately show the tumor and its associations with the surrounding bile duct, and it can be used to guide ERCP in HCC patients and improve the success rate of the operation.