Guidelines for prophylaxis of Pneumocystis pneumonia cannot rely solely on CD4-cell count in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

Objective. Guidelines for preventing Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in HIV patients are based on CD4 below 200/mm(3). Such cut-off value is suggested to guide prophylaxis in non-HIV conditions (NHIV) especially in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (AD). We aimed to determine if CD4 could be used to guide PCP prophylaxis in AD. Methods. CD4 and lymphocyte-count were retrospectively studied in patients diagnosed with PCP between January 2013 and February 2016. Results. 129 patients were included. The median CD4-count was 302/mm(3) in AD, which was significantly higher than in HIV patients (19/mm(3); p<0.0001). Fifty percent (n=10) of AD patients had CD4 counts greater than 300/mm(3). Conclusion. Prophylaxis for PCP cannot rely solely on CD4-count in NHIV patients especially in AD.