CSF tau and amyloid-beta predict cerebral synucleinopathy in autopsied Lewy body disorders.

Objective To test the association of antemortem CSF biomarkers with postmortem pathology in Lewy body disorders (LBD). Methods Patients with autopsy-confirmed LBD (n = 24) and autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer disease (AD) (n = 23) and cognitively normal (n = 36) controls were studied. In LBD, neuropathologic criteria defined Lewy body a-synuclein (SYN) stages with medium/high AD copathology (SYN + AD = 10) and low/no AD copathology (SYN -AD = 14). Ordinal pathology scores for tau, beta-amyloid (A beta), and SYN pathology were averaged across 7 cortical regions to obtain a global cerebral score for each pathology. CSF total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau at threonine(181), and A beta(1-42) levels were compared between LBD and control groups and correlated with global cerebral pathology scores in LBD with linear regression. Diagnostic accuracy for postmortem categorization of LBD into SYN + AD vs SYN -AD or neocortical vs brainstem/limbic SYN stage was tested with receiver operating curves. Results SYN + AD had higher CSF t-tau (mean difference 27.0 +/- 8.6 pg/mL) and lower A beta(1-42) (mean difference -84.0 +/- 22.9 g/mL) compared to SYN -AD (p < 0.01, both). Increasing global cerebral tau and plaque scores were associated with higher CSF t-tau (R-2 = 0.15-0.16, p < 0.05, both) and lower A beta(1-42) (R-2 = 0.43-0.49, p < 0.001, both), while increasing cerebral SYN scores were associated with lower CSF A beta(1-42) (R-2 = 0.31, p < 0.001) and higher CSF t-tau/A beta(1-42) ratio (R-2 = 0.27, p = 0.01). CSF t-tau/A beta(1-42) ratio had 100% specificity and 90% sensitivity for SYN + AD, and CSF A beta(1-42) had 77% specificity and 82% sensitivity for neocortical SYN stage. Conclusions Higher antemortem CSF t-tau/A beta(1-42) and lower A beta(1-42) levels are predictive of increasing cerebral AD and SYN pathology. These biomarkers may identify patients with LBD vulnerable to cortical SYN pathology who may benefit from both SYN and AD-targeted disease-modifying therapies.