Results of Resection for Recurrent or Residual Retroperitoneal Sarcoma After Failed Primary Treatment

Background Local recurrence after resection of retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) is a common and difficult problem. Gross residual disease after incomplete resection is a particular challenge. The authors reviewed their experience with patients referred for management of recurrent or residual RPS. Methods Patients seen at the authors’ center from 1996 to 2013 who had undergone resection at an outside institution were identified from a prospective database. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were generated and compared by log-rank analysis. Results A total of 45 patients were referred with recurrent ( n = 33) or residual ( n = 12) disease. Before initial surgery elsewhere, cross-sectional imaging (computed tomograpy/magnetic resonance imaging) had been obtained for 30 patients (67 %) and percutaneous biopsy for 8 patients (18 %). At referral to the authors’ center, 15 patients were deemed inappropriate for resection, with a subsequent median overall survival (OS) period of 15 months. At the authors’ center, 30 patients (22 with recurrent and 8 with residual disease) were resected. The majority received preoperative radiation (77 %). The postoperative mortality rate was 0 % in the recurrent group and 25 % (2/8) in the residual group ( p = 0.015). Among the 30 resected patients, the median and 5-year OS was 53 months (50 %), and the OS was better in the recurrent group (median, 77 months) than in the residual group (median, 41 months ( p = 0.027). The median time to local re-recurrence was 49 months in the recurrent group and 35 months in the residual group ( p = 0.730). Conclusions Durable disease control and prolonged survival may be achieved for selected patients with recurrent RPS. In this study, resection after previous grossly incomplete resection was associated with high postoperative mortality and inferior OS. The benefit of extensive surgery for these patients may be limited.