Language-driven synthesis of 3D scenes from scene databases.

We introduce a novel framework for using natural language to generate and edit 3D indoor scenes, harnessing scene semantics and text-scene grounding knowledge learned from large annotated 3D scene databases. The advantage of natural language editing interfaces is strongest when performing semantic operations at the sub-scene level, acting on groups of objects. We learn how to manipulate these sub-scenes by analyzing existing 3D scenes. We perform edits by first parsing a natural language command from the user and transforming it into a semantic scene graph that is used to retrieve corresponding sub-scenes from the databases that match the command. We then augment this retrieved sub-scene by incorporating other objects that may be implied by the scene context. Finally, a new 3D scene is synthesized by aligning the augmented sub-scene with the user's current scene, where new objects are spliced into the environment, possibly triggering appropriate adjustments to the existing scene arrangement. A suggestive modeling interface with multiple interpretations of user commands is used to alleviate ambiguities in natural language. We conduct studies comparing our approach against both prior text-to-scene work and artist-made scenes and find that our method significantly outperforms prior work and is comparable to handmade scenes even when complex and varied natural sentences are used.