Verification of Computed Muscle Control and Static Optimization for Isokinetic, Isometric and Isotonic Exercise of Upper Limb.

To measure muscle activity during motion is a significant topic in biomechanics. Even though EMG (electromyography) is utilized for this, musculoskeletal simulations are potential alternatives. In this paper, the accuracy of muscle activity calculation of two different algorithms are verified by comparing with EMG during three types of muscle contractions (isokinetic, isotonic and isometric).