High-Efficiency Millimeter-Wave Single-Ended and Differential Fundamental Oscillators in CMOS.

This paper reports an approach to designing compact high-efficiency millimeter-wave fundamental oscillators operating above the fmax/2 of the active device. The approach takes full consideration of the nonlinearity of the active device and the finite quality factor of the passive devices to provide an accurate and optimal oscillator design in terms of the output power and efficiency. The 213-GHz s...