Dynamic video bitrate adaptation for WebRTC-based remote teaching applications.

Remote teaching applications are common nowadays. Very often, these applications resemble video-on-demand streaming platforms rather than real virtual classrooms, where a group of students (the receivers) can remotely attend a live lecture held by a lecturer (the sender). To better support this live scenario, Real-Time Communication (RTC) solutions can be used. WebRTC is an open-source project for real-time browser-based conferencing, developed with a peer-to-peer architecture in mind. To use WebRTC, each receiver requires a dedicated encoder at sender-side. Using such approach is expensive in terms of encoders, and does not scale well for a large number of users. To overcome this issue, a WebRTC-compliant framework is proposed, where only a limited number of encoders are used. A centralized node, the conference controller, dynamically forwards the most suitable stream to the receivers, based on their bandwidth conditions. Moreover, the controller dynamically recomputes the encoding bitrates of the sender. This approach allows to closely follow the long-term bandwidth variations of the receivers, even with a limited number of encoders at sender-side. To evaluate the performance of the proposed framework in a realistic environment, a testbed has been implemented using the Chrome browser and the open-source Jitsi-Videobridge. In a scenario with 10 receivers and 3 encoders, and under realistic network conditions, the proposed framework improves the received video bitrate up to 11%, compared to a static solution where the encoding bitrates do not change over time.