Local host-dependent persistence of the entomopathogenic nematode used to control the large pine weevil

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) applied inundatively to suppress insect pests are more likely to persist and establish in stable agroecosystems than in annual crops. We investigated a system of intermediate stability: three stumps harbouring the large pine weevil ( L.; Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a major European forestry pest. We tested whether persistence of EPN Weiser (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) applied around stumps is maintained by recycling of EPN through pine weevils developing within stumps. was detected in soil around and under the bark of treated tree stumps up to two years, but not 4–5 years after application. Differences in nematode presence between sites were better explained by tree species (pine or spruce) than soil type (mineral or peat). Presence of in soil was positively correlated with the number of emerging from untreated stumps the previous year, which was greater for pine stumps than spruce stumps.