Revealing physiological and genetic properties of a dominant maize dwarf Dwarf11 ( D11 ) by integrative analysis

Plant height is an important agronomic trait involved in lodging resistance and harvest index. The identification and characterization of mutants that are defective in plant height have implications for trait improvement in breeding programs. Two dominant maize dwarf mutants D8 and D9 have been well-characterized. Here, we report the characterization of a dominant maize dwarf mutant Dwarf11 ( D11 ). Dwarf stature of D11 was mainly attributed to the inhibition of longitudinal cell elongation. The levels of bioactive GA 3 were significantly lower in D11 . Contrarily, D8 mutant accumulates markedly higher levels of GA 3 . The expression of GA biosynthetic and catabolic genes was dramatically decreased in D11 . Expression variations of d8 and d9 genes were not observed in D11 mutant. Moreover, genetic suppressors of D11 were identified in inbred line Chang 7-2. Integrated omics data indicated that D11 is a novel dominant maize dwarf. The ultimate D11 gene cloning and its regulatory network elucidation may strengthen our understanding of the genetic basis of plant architecture and provide cues for breeding of crops with plant height ideotypes.