Handheld augmented reality system for resistive electric circuits understanding for undergraduate students.

Augmented Reality (AR) is a recognized technology having a great potential to enhance the cognitive learning process. In this paper, a mobile AR system is proposed which helps in the understanding of resistive electric circuits for undergraduate engineering students. The designed system employs a smartphone, a measuring instrument, and a resistive circuit on a breadboard. The smartphone captures a photograph of the electric circuit and receives data from the measuring instrument (current and voltage) to calculate theoretical values and generate a layer of virtual objects which is then merged with the original image and displayed on the screen of the smartphone. In order to display the AR, a markless method is developed for a typical circuit for identifying resistors in a circuit and set virtual objects over it. The developed circuit displays (via AR) the theoretical current, voltage, power, and their measured values, as well as the error for each parameter. Technical efficiency of the developed system is 98%. Additionally, a satisfaction qualitative study is presented.