How drivers fail to avoid crashes: A risk-homeostasis/perception-response (RH/PR) framework evidenced by visual perception, electrodermal activity and behavioral responses

•The study examined the visual perception, electrodermal activity, and behavioral responses in a hazardous driving situation.•A risk-homeostasis/perception-response (RH/PR) framework was proposed to describe the drivers’ perception-cognition-response loop in hazardous situation.•During the PR process, no significant difference of time intervals was established between the crash drivers and no-crash drivers either in detection stage or reaction stage.•The crash drivers and no-crash drivers showed significant differences in terms of hazard anticipation and subsequent behavioral adaptation, which suggested the RH mechanism before the PR process.