Decellularized skin/adipose tissue flap matrix for engineering vascularized composite soft tissue flaps

Schematic representation of ex vivo microvascular free dermal/adipose flap engineering. DSAF is prepared from the donor rat and recellularized with the hASCs and HUVECs in vitro. Following vascular reanastomosis in the recipient site, the engineered flap construct, which creates a pro-regenerative environment, could activate an M2 macrophage-mediated constructive remodeling process in vivo. With this strategy, DSAF could be translated as a commercial tissue engineering product for personalized tissue repair and regeneration. hASCs: human adipose-derived stem cells; HUVECs: human umbilical vein endothelial cells.