Celestial Signals: Are Low-Noise Amplifiers The Future For Millimeter-Wave Radio Astronomy Receivers?

In this article, we compare LNA and SIS mixer technologies, specifically addressing the frequency range of 75-110 GHz (designated the W-band), which is of relevance to ALMA and also for wider use. We briefly describe the principles of operation for each technology as well as typical instrumentation specifications such as device and system noise, bandwidth, and stability.