Emergence and genomic analysis of MDR Laribacter hongkongensis strain HLGZ1 from Guangzhou, China.

Laribacter hongkongensis is a facultative anaerobic, non-fermentative, Gram-negative bacillus associated with community-acquired gastroenteritis and traveller's diarrhoea. No clinical MDR L. hongkongensis isolate has been reported yet. We performed WGS (PacBio and Illumina) on a clinical L. hongkongensis strain HLGZ1 with an MDR phenotype. HLGZ1 was resistant to eight classes of commonly used antibiotics. Its complete genome was a single circular chromosome of 3 424 272 bp with a G + C content of 62.29%. In comparison with the reference strain HLHK9, HLGZ1 had a higher abundance of genes associated with DNA metabolism and recombination. Several inserts including two acquired resistance gene clusters (RC1 and RC2) were also identified. RC1 carried two resistance gene cassette arrays, aac(6')-Ib-cr-aadA2-Delta qac-Delta sul1-floR-tetR-tetG and arr-3-dfrA32-ereA2-Delta qac-sul1, which shared significant nucleotide sequence identities with the MDR region of Salmonella Genomic Island 1 from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104. There was also an integron-like structure, intl1-arr3-dfrA27-Delta qac-sul1-aph(3')-Ic, and a tetR-tetA operon located on RC2. MLST analysis identified HLGZ1 as ST167, a novel ST clustered with two strains previously isolated from frogs. This study provides insight into the genomic characteristics of MDR L. hongkongensis and highlights the possibilities of horizontal resistance gene transfer in this bacterium with other pathogens.