Pain During Venous Cannulation.

Dirk Rüsch,Tilo Koch, Markus Spies,Leopold Hj Eberhart

Deutsches Arzteblatt international（2017）

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摘要

Local anesthesia can be recommended before venipuncture only if a large cannula is used (e.g., ≥ 17G). Vapocoolant spray may be at least as useful as lidocaine injection; it prevents pain to a similar extent and is associated with a lower rate of unsuccessful puncture.

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