Vitamin D deficiency and clinical outcome in patients with chronic heart failure: A review.

•Vitamin D deficiency may favour the onset and/or progression of HF and LV remodelling.•Vitamin D deficiency and increase parathyroid hormone are associated with increased prevalence of HF.•Vitamin D deficiency is associated with more adverse prognosis in heart failure patients.•Whether Vitamin D supplementation is associated favourable effect on CV mortality and morbidity remains unclear.