Structural analysis of BRCA1 reveals modification hotspot.

Cancer cells afflicted with mutations in the breast cancer susceptibility protein (BRCA1) often suffer from increased DNA damage and genomic instability. The precise manner in which physical changes to BRCA1 influence its role in DNA maintenance remains unclear. We used single-particle electron microscopy to study the threedimensional properties of BRCA1 naturally produced in breast cancer cells. Structural studies revealed new information for full-length BRCA1, engaging its nuclear binding partner, the BRCA1-associated RING domain protein (BARD1). Equally important, we identified a region in mutated BRCA1 that was highly susceptible to ubiquitination. We refer to this site as a modification "hotspot." Ubiquitin adducts in the hotspot region proved to be biochemically reversible. Collectively, we show how key changes to BRCA1 affect its structure-function relationship, and present new insights to potentially modulate mutated BRCA1 in human cancer cells.