Neuraxial blocks and spinal haematoma: Review of 166 cases published 1994 - 2015. Part 2: diagnosis, treatment, and outcome.

•166 case reports of spinal haematoma (SH) after neuraxial block (CNB) are analysed.•Most often, the signs of a SH started within 72h, though in some cases after weeks.•Surgical evacuation of the SH is best option in most cases with neurological deficits.•A conservative approach can be employed in cases with mild or receding symptoms.•Best results are seen in patients surgically evacuated within 12hours•Complete recoveries occurred in many cases operated after more than 24hours.•The prognosis after surgical evacuation of subdural SH was worse than after epidural SH.