A hierarchical Stackelberg-coalition formation game theoretic framework for cooperative spectrum leasing

The problem of cooperative spectrum leasing among multiple primary users (PUs) and secondary users (SUs) is considered. A hybrid Stackelberg-coalition formation game theoretic algorithm is proposed that enables the PUs to identify a group of cooperative SUs by looking at the reputation history of their cooperative behavior. The coalition formation approach also promotes collaboration among the SUs to provide them with a higher chance of spectrum access. The Stackelberg game determines the optimum time allocation among the PUs and SUs individual transmission as well as cooperation time. The results show the performance enhancement of spectrum leasing model, particularly in mobile and dynamic network with a diverse range of SUs initial credits and channel conditions.