UI X-Ray: Interactive Mobile UI Testing Based on Computer Vision.

User Interface/eXperience (UI/UX) significantly affects the lifetime of any software program, particularly mobile apps. A bad UX can undermine the success of a mobile app even if that app enables sophisticated capabilities. A good UX, however, needs to be supported of a highly functional and user friendly UI design. In spite of the importance of building mobile apps based on solid UI designs, UI discrepancies---inconsistencies between UI design and implementation---are among the most numerous and expensive defects encountered during testing. This paper presents UI X-Ray, an interactive UI testing system that integrates computer-vision methods to facilitate the correction of UI discrepancies---such as inconsistent positions, sizes and colors of objects and fonts. Using UI X-Ray does not require any programming experience; therefore, UI X-Ray can be used even by non-programmers---particularly designers---which significantly reduces the overhead involved in writing tests. With the feature of interactive interface, UI testers can quickly generate defect reports and revision instructions---which would otherwise be done manually. We verified our UI X-Ray on 4 developed mobile apps of which the entire development history was saved. UI X-Ray achieved a 99.03% true-positive rate, which significantly surpassed the 20.92% true-positive rate obtained via manual analysis. Furthermore, evaluating the results of our automated analysis can be completed quickly (