Vibroplay: authoring three-dimensional spatial-temporal tactile effects with direct manipulation

Vibrotactile feedback provides immersive media experience. To facilitate the design of vibrotactile effects, an authoring system is essential. Soundtrack streamlined interfaces [Ryu and Choi 2008; Lee et al. 2009] were initially initially introduced to create temporal vibrotactile effects for individual actuators. Unfortunately, temporal effects designing with sound waves in temporal domain cannot well transfer to tactile sensations for designers without sufficient sound or haptic skills. More recent research [Schneider et al. 2015] designed spatial vibrotactile effects that manipulating control points that specify spatial tactile paths. However, spatial effects designing with control points might be difficult to capture complex spatial behaviors.