An optimal energy co-scheduling framework for smart buildings.

The Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system accounts for nearly half of the energy consumption of a typical building. Additionally, the need for HVAC changes over hours and days as does the electric energy price. Level of comfort of the building occupants is, however, a primary concern, which tends to overwrite pricing. Dynamic HVAC control under a dynamic energy pricing model while meeting an acceptable level of occupants' comfort is thus critical to achieve energy efficiency in buildings in a sustainable manner. Finally, there is the possibility that the building is equipped with some renewable sources of power such as solar panels mounted on the rooftop. The presence of Hybrid Electrical Energy Storage (HEES) system in a target building would enable peak power shaving by adopting a suitable charging and discharging schedule for each Electrical Energy Storage (EES) element, while simultaneously meeting building energy efficiency and user comfort requirements. Achieving this goal requires detailed information (or predictions) about the amount of local power generation from the renewable source plus the power consumption load of the building.