Mechanism of C5a-induced immunologic derangement in sepsis

Sepsis is a life-threatening medical condition that triggers an uncontrolled inflammatory reaction and is caused by the entry of various microorganisms into the human bloodstream. Sepsis is mainly encountered in intensive care units (ICUs) due to the reduced immunological defenses of ICU patients. Approximately 1.5 million patients develop sepsis annually in industrialized countries, and the mortality rate is very high (30–50%).1 Thus, the treatment of sepsis represents a major unmet medical need.