Protective effects of tea polyphenols on exhaustive exercise-induced fatigue, inflammation and tissue damage.

Background: The beneficial properties of tea polyphenols have been extensively studied; however, less attention has been paid to their effects, especially anti-inflammatory effect during exhaustive exercise. Objective: The present study assessed the potential protective effects of tea polyphenols against the fatigue, inflammation and tissue injury caused by an exhaustive exercise bout in rats. Design: Twenty-four healthy male rats were divided into three groups. Group C was a sedentary control group, Groups E+TP and Group E performed a single exhaustive swimming test; all groups had normal diets, but Group E+TP was supplemented with tea polyphenols. All rats were immediately euthanized after exhaustive exercise, and biochemical and inflammatory parameters, including lactic acid (LA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK) activity levels, were measured. Reverse transcription (RT) and Real-Time PCR was employed to evaluate the mRNA expression of IL-1 beta in the liver. Results: The results showed a decrease in serum LA levels (22%, p < 0.05) in rats that consumed dietary tea polyphenols. Interestingly, dietary tea polyphenols decreased the serum levels of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-alpha: 13%, p < 0.05; IL-1 beta: 10%, p < 0.05; and IL-6: 48%, p < 0.05) and shifted the serum IL-10/TNF-alpha ratio to a predominantly anti-inflammatory milieu (0.52 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.67 +/- 0.10, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the polyphenols effectively inhibited the release of tissue damage markers (CK: 24%, p < 0.05 and LDH: 28%, p < 0.05) in the serum and decreased IL- 1 beta mRNA expression in the liver. Conclusions: This study indicated that tea polyphenols could significantly protect rats from the fatigue, inflammation and tissue damage induced by acute exhaustive exercise.