Cell-Engineered Nanovesicle as a Surrogate Inducer of Contact-Dependent Stimuli.

Heterotypic interactions between cells are crucial in various biological phenomena. Particularly, stimuli that regulate embryonic stem cell (ESC) fate are often provided from neighboring cells. However, except for feeder cultures, no practical methods are identified that can provide ESCs with contact-dependent cell stimuli. To induce contact-dependent cell stimuli in the absence of living cells, a novel method that utilizes cell-engineered nano-vesicles (CNVs) that are made by extruding living cells through microporous membranes is described. Protein compositions of CNVs are similar to their originating cells, as well as freely diffusible and precisely scalable. Treatment of CNVs produced from three different stromal cells successfully induces the same effect as feeder cultures. The results suggest that the effects of CNVs are mainly mediated by membrane-associated components. The use of CNVs might constitute a novel and efficient tool for ESC research.