A robot for high yield electrophysiology and morphology of single neurons in vivo

Single-cell characterization and perturbation of neurons provides knowledge critical to addressing fundamental neuroscience questions including the structure–function relationship and neuronal cell-type classification. Here we report a robot for efficiently performing in vivo single-cell experiments in deep brain tissues optically difficult to access. This robot automates blind (non-visually guided) single-cell electroporation (SCE) and extracellular electrophysiology, and can be used to characterize neuronal morphological and physiological properties of, and/or manipulate genetic/chemical contents via delivering extraneous materials (for example, genes) into single neurons in vivo . Tested in the mouse brain, our robot successfully reveals the full morphology of single-infragranular neurons recorded in multiple neocortical regions, as well as deep brain structures such as hippocampal CA3, with high efficiency. Our robot thus can greatly facilitate the study of in vivo full morphology and electrophysiology of single neurons in the brain.