Modeling the Tracking Area Planning Problem Using an Evolutionary Multi-Objective Algorithm.

When planning the Tracking Areas (TAs) for a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, the main concern of mobile operators is to achieve the minimization of both location update cost and paging cost. This paper proposes a new green field TA planning model using multi-objective optimization with constraints, aiming at finding a better trade-off between the two conflicting objectives. This new model integrates the network geographical information, therefore making it more realistic. Considering the impact of constraints, we design an evolutionary multi-objective algorithm based on a population decomposition strategy for the proposed model. Information about infeasible solutions can be fully utilized by population decomposition and thus the algorithmic efficiency can be greatly improved. A new coding scheme inspired by the famous four-color theorem is specially designed for this multi-objective TA planning model. Computer simulations are conducted and the quality of the new model is confirmed by comparing the results of the multi-objective model with those of a single-objective model. The essential role of the population decomposition strategy has also been identified by comparing the proposed algorithm with the Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm based on Decomposition (MOEA/D).