Energy model derivation for the DVFS automatic tuning plugin: tuning energy and power related tuning objectives

Energy consumption will become one of the dominant cost factors that will govern the next generation of large HPC centers. In this paper we present the Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS) Plugin to automatically tune several energy related tuning objectives at a region-level of HPC applications. This plugin works with the Periscope Tuning Framework which provides an automatic tuning framework including analysis, experiment creation, and evaluation. The tuning actions are based on changes in the frequency via the DVFS. The tuning objectives include the tuning of energy consumption, total cost of ownership, energy delay product and power capping. The tuning is based on a model that relies on performance data and predicts energy consumption, time, and power consumption at different CPU frequencies. The derivation of the models for the DVFS plugin with the principal component analysis is included.