An improved gravitational search algorithm for green partner selection in virtual enterprises.

With the increasing public consciousness in environmental protection, the green partner selection problem (G-PSP) is an important issue in virtual enterprises. In this paper, the green criterion is introduced to partner selection problem (PSP), and a green partner selection model based on six criteria is proposed. As PSP has been proven to be an NP problem, and G-PSP cannot be solved in reasonable time by traditional methods. In this paper, an improved algorithm I-GSA/PSO that combines gravitational search algorithm and particle swarm optimization is developed to solve G-PSP in virtual enterprises. Experimental results show that I-GSA/PSO is effective and outperforms other evolutionary algorithms in solving G-PSP.