Image Noise and Digital Image Forensics.

Noise is an intrinsic specificity of all forms of imaging, and can be found in various forms in all domains of digital imagery. This paper offers an overall review of digital image noise, from its causes and models to the degradations it suffers along the image acquisition pipeline. We show that by the end of the pipeline, the noise may have widely different characteristics compared to the raw image, and consider the consequences in forensic and counter-forensic imagery.