Adjustment of basal insulin infusion rate in T1DM by hybrid PSO

Basal insulin infusion rate which should be adjusted to increase or decrease insulin delivery with the varying blood sugar level plays a key role in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients for maintaining the blood glucose level approximately steady within reference range in order to avoid the complications developed from diabetes. This paper proposes an effective hybrid particle swarm optimization (HPSO) algorithm for solving the basal insulin infusion rate problem. In HPSO, bad experience lesson learning scheme and local search based on chaotic dynamics are proposed to make a good balance between global exploration and local exploitation. Simulation results based on a set of well-known optimization benchmark instances and the basal insulin infusion rate adjustment problem for T1DM demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed HPSO. In silico tests on standard virtual subject via HPSO show that under nominal condition the blood glucose concentrations could be kept within a range of 80–150 mg/dL within less than 5 days; meanwhile, in case of random variations in meal timings within ± 60 min or meal amounts within ± 75