Expression analysis of 0-series gangliosides in human cancer cell lines with monoclonal antibodies generated using knockout mice of ganglioside synthase genes.

Some gangliosides, sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, have been considered as tumor-associated antigens. GD1 alpha or a GD1 alpha synthase gene ST6GalNAc5 was reported to be involved in the metastasis of murine lymphomas or human breast cancers, respectively. But expression patterns of 0-series gangliosides GD1 alpha and its precursor GM1b in human cancers have not yet been investigated mainly due to lack of specific antibodies. We established specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reactive with GD1 alpha or GM1b using gangliosides from brain tissues of GM3 synthase (St3gal5)-deficient mice as immunogens. We used GM2/GD2 synthase (B4galnt1)-deficient mice to immunize by liposomes embedded with GD1 alpha or acidic glycolipid fractions from brain of St3gal5-deficient mice. Specificities of established mAbs as analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and thin-layer chromatography-immunostaining were very high among various gangliosides. Increased expression of GD1 alpha and reduced GM1b in the St6galnac5 cDNA-transfected RAW117 cell line also substantiated the specificities of two mAbs. Then, we analyzed expression of GD1 alpha and GM1b, and of relevant glycosyltransferase genes in various human cancer cell lines using generated anti-GD1 alpha mAb 122 or anti-GM1b mAb MR155A-7. A few human cancer cell lines showed significant expression of these gangliosides with reasonable expression of relevant glycosyltransferase genes.