Activités anti-inflammatoire, analgésique et antioxydante de l’extrait aqueux des tiges feuillées de Saba senegalensis Pichon (Apocynaceae)

Saba senegalensis (A. DC.) Pichon with synonymous Landolphia senegalensis (A. DC.) Kotschy & Peyr. (Apocynaceae) is a lianescente plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases with inflammatory components in Burkina Faso. The objective of this study was to test the pharmacological action of the aqueous extract of its leafy stems on swelling, pain and to assess its antioxidant properties. The aqueous extract reduced edema in the first hour, the third hour and five hours after the injection of carrageenin. Maximum inhibition was achieved at the fifth hour after the injection of the carrageenin. The analgesic effect of the aqueous extract of S. senegalensis at doses of 100, 200, 300 mg/kg was evaluated by the method of Koster after injection of acetic acid. The results showed that the aqueous extract reduced significantly (p <0.05) and in dose-dependent manner the abdominal writhing in NMRI mice. The analgesic effect of the aqueous extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg is comparable to that of acetaminophen (150 mg/kg). The study of aqueous extract in vitro showed a significant antioxidant capacity by inhibition of DPPHradical (IC50=18.4 μg/ml), lipid peroxidation (79.22%) and lipoxygenase (93.26%). The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, coumarins, anthocyanosides, triterpenes and sterols. These results show that the leafy stems of S. senegalensis have anti-inflammatory properties and justify the use of the plant in traditional medicine against inflammatory diseases.