Understanding peptide biology: The discovery and characterization of the novel hormone, neuronostatin

•Bioinformatic analyses revealed the novel hormone, neuronostatin.•Neuronostatin is encoded in the preprosomatostatin prohormone.•Neuronostatin has biologic actions unique from those of somatostatin.•GPR107 was determined to mediate the effects of neuronostatin.•Pancreas is a promising target for therapeutic use of neuronostatin.