Hemodiafiltration and hemodialysis differently affect P wave duration and dispersion on the surface electrocardiogram

Aim The incidence of atrial fibrillation is increased during hemodialysis (HD); however, the effects of hemodiafiltration (HDF) on atrial arrhythmias have not been evaluated. The prolongation of the P wave and P dispersion (Pd) can predict atrial arrhythmias. Methods Data from 30 patients receiving HDF over a period of 3 months were collected; the same group of patients was then evaluated during treatment with conventional HD for at least another 3 months. Electrolyte values were obtained, and surface electrocardiograms (ECG), echocardiography, and Holter ECGs were performed. Results The duration of the P wave and Pd increased significantly during HD. The left atrial diameter decreased significantly only during HDF. During HDF, the left atrial cross diameter measured at the beginning of the session was positively correlated with the incidence of supraventricular premature beats ( p = 0.011, r = 0.4556). The decrease in left atrial diameter during HDF was negatively correlated with the incidence of supraventricular premature beats ( p = 0.016, r = −0.43). During HDF, the changes in sodium and Pd were significantly positively correlated ( p < 0.05, r = 0.478). During HD, the changes in ionized calcium levels and Pd were positively correlated ( p < 0.05, r = 0.377). Conclusion Our results suggest that HDF has a more beneficial effect on P wave duration and Pd than HD. The alterations in the ECG markers may be the result of the simultaneous occurrence of certain electrolyte imbalances and renal replacement methods.