Detection of ULF geomagnetic signals associated with seismic events in Central Mexico using Discrete Wavelet Transform

The geomagnetic observatory of Juriquilla Mexico, located at longitude -100.45 degrees and latitude 20.70 degrees, and 1946ma.s.l., has been operational since June 2004 compiling geomagnetic field measurements with a three component fluxgate magnetometer. In this paper, the results of the analysis of these measurements in relation to important seismic activity in the period of 2007 to 2009 are presented. For this purpose, we used superposed epochs of Discrete Wavelet Transform of filtered signals for the three components of the geomagnetic field during relative seismic calm, and it was compared with seismic events of magnitudes greater than M(s) > 5.5, which have occurred in Mexico. The analysed epochs consisted of 18 h of observations for a dataset corresponding to 18 different earthquakes (EQs). The time series were processed for a period of 9 h prior to and 9 h after each seismic event. This data processing was compared with the same number of observations during a seismic calm. The proposed methodology proved to be an efficient tool to detect signals associated with seismic activity, especially when the seismic events occur in a distance (D) from the observatory to the EQ, such that the ratio D/rho < 1.8 where rho is the earthquake radius preparation zone. The methodology presented herein shows important anomalies in the Ultra Low Frequency Range (ULF; 0.005-1 Hz), primarily for 0.25 to 0.5 Hz. Furthermore, the time variance (sigma(2)) increases prior to, during and after the seismic event in relation to the coefficient D1 obtained, principally in the Bx (N-S) and By (E-W) geomagnetic components. Therefore, this paper proposes and develops a new methodology to extract the abnormal signals of the geomagnetic anomalies related to different stages of the EQs.