Search for non-relativistic magnetic monopoles with IceCube
M. G. Aartsen,R. Abbasi,M. Ackermann,J. Adams,J. A. Aguilar,M. Ahlers,D. Altmann,C. Arguelles,T. C. Arlen,J. Auffenberg,X. Bai,M. Baker,S. W. Barwick,V. Baum,R. Bay,J. J. Beatty,J. Becker Tjus,K.-H. Becker,M. L. Benabderrahmane,S. BenZvi,P. Berghaus,D. Berley,E. Bernardini,A. Bernhard,D. Z. Besson,G. Binder,D. Bindig,M. Bissok,E. Blaufuss,J. Blumenthal,D. J. Boersma,C. Bohm,D. Bose,S. Böser,O. Botner,L. Brayeur,H.-P. Bretz,A. M. Brown,R. Bruijn,J. Casey,M. Casier,D. Chirkin,A. Christov,B. Christy,K. Clark,L. Classen,F. Clevermann,S. Coenders,S. Cohen,D. F. Cowen,A. H. Cruz Silva,M. Danninger,J. Daughhetee,J. C. Davis,M. Day,J. P. A. M. de André,C. De Clercq,S. De Ridder,P. Desiati,K. D. de Vries,M. de With,T. DeYoung,J. C. Díaz-Vélez,M. Dunkman,R. Eagan,B. Eberhardt,B. Eichmann,J. Eisch,S. Euler,P. A. Evenson,O. Fadiran,A. R. Fazely,A. Fedynitch,J. Feintzeig,T. Feusels,K. Filimonov,C. Finley,T. Fischer-Wasels,S. Flis,A. Franckowiak,K. Frantzen,T. Fuchs,T. K. Gaisser,J. Gallagher,L. Gerhardt,L. Gladstone,T. Glüsenkamp,A. Goldschmidt,G. Golup,J. G. Gonzalez,J. A. Goodman,D. Góra,D. T. Grandmont,D. Grant,P. Gretskov,J. C. Groh,A. Groß,C. Ha,C. Haack,A. Haj Ismail,P. Hallen,A. Hallgren,F. Halzen,K. Hanson,D. Hebecker,D. Heereman,D. Heinen,K. Helbing,R. Hellauer,S. Hickford,G. C. Hill,K. D. Hoffman,R. Hoffmann,A. Homeier,K. Hoshina,F. Huang,W. Huelsnitz,P. O. Hulth,K. Hultqvist,S. Hussain,A. Ishihara,E. Jacobi,J. Jacobsen,K. Jagielski,G. S. Japaridze,K. Jero,O. Jlelati,B. Kaminsky,A. Kappes,T. Karg,A. Karle,M. Kauer,J. L. Kelley,J. Kiryluk,J. Kläs,S. R. Klein,J.-H. Köhne,G. Kohnen,H. Kolanoski,L. Köpke,C. Kopper,S. Kopper,D. J. Koskinen,M. Kowalski,M. Krasberg,A. Kriesten,K. Krings,G. Kroll,J. Kunnen,N. Kurahashi,T. Kuwabara,M. Labare,H. Landsman,M. J. Larson,M. Lesiak-Bzdak,M. Leuermann,J. Leute,J. Lünemann,O. Macías,J. Madsen,G. Maggi,R. Maruyama,K. Mase,H. S. Matis,F. McNally,K. Meagher,A. Meli,M. Merck,T. Meures,S. Miarecki,E. Middell,N. Milke,J. Miller,L. Mohrmann,T. Montaruli,R. Morse,R. Nahnhauer,U. Naumann,H. Niederhausen,S. C. Nowicki,D. R. Nygren,A. Obertacke,S. Odrowski,A. Olivas,A. Omairat,A. O’Murchadha,T. Palczewski,L. Paul,J. A. Pepper,C. Pérez de los Heros,C. Pfendner,D. Pieloth,E. Pinat,J. Posselt,P. B. Price,G. T. Przybylski,M. Quinnan,L. Rädel,M. Rameez,K. Rawlins,P. Redl,R. Reimann,E. Resconi,W. Rhode,M. Ribordy,M. Richman,B. Riedel,S. Robertson,J. P. Rodrigues,C. Rott,T. Ruhe,B. Ruzybayev,D. Ryckbosch,S. M. Saba,H.-G. Sander,M. Santander,S. Sarkar,K. Schatto,F. Scheriau,T. Schmidt,M. Schmitz,S. Schoenen,S. Schöneberg,A. Schönwald,A. Schukraft,L. Schulte,O. Schulz,D. Seckel,Y. Sestayo,S. Seunarine,R. Shanidze,C. Sheremata,M. W. E. Smith,D. Soldin,G. M. Spiczak,C. Spiering,M. Stamatikos,T. Stanev,N. A. Stanisha,A. Stasik,T. Stezelberger,R. G. Stokstad,A. Stößl,E. A. Strahler,R. Ström,N. L. Strotjohann,G. W. Sullivan,H. Taavola,I. Taboada,A. Tamburro,A. Tepe,S. Ter-Antonyan,G. Tešić,S. Tilav,P. A. Toale,M. N. Tobin,S. Toscano,M. Tselengidou,E. Unger,M. Usner,S. Vallecorsa,N. van Eijndhoven,J. van Santen,M. Vehring,M. Voge,M. Vraeghe,C. Walck,M. Wallraff,Ch. Weaver,M. Wellons,C. Wendt,S. Westerhoff,B. J. Whelan,N. Whitehorn,K. Wiebe,C. H. Wiebusch,D. R. Williams,H. Wissing,M. Wolf,T. R. Wood,K. Woschnagg,D. L. Xu,X. W. Xu,J. P. Yanez,G. Yodh,S. Yoshida,P. Zarzhitsky,J. Ziemann,S. Zierke,M. Zoll
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C（2014）
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摘要
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a large Cherenkov detector instrumenting 1 km^3 of Antarctic ice. The detector can be used to search for signatures of particle physics beyond the Standard Model. Here, we describe the search for non-relativistic, magnetic monopoles as remnants of the G rand U nified T heory (GUT) era shortly after the Big Bang. Depending on the underlying gauge group these monopoles may catalyze the decay of nucleons via the Rubakov–Callan effect with a cross section suggested to be in the range of 10^-27 to 10^-21 cm^2 . In IceCube, the Cherenkov light from nucleon decays along the monopole trajectory would produce a characteristic hit pattern. This paper presents the results of an analysis of first data taken from May 2011 until May 2012 with a dedicated slow-particle trigger for DeepCore, a subdetector of IceCube. A second analysis provides better sensitivity for the brightest non-relativistic monopoles using data taken from May 2009 until May 2010. In both analyses no monopole signal was observed. For catalysis cross sections of 10^-22 (10^-24) cm^2 the flux of non-relativistic GUT monopoles is constrained up to a level of Φ _90≤ 10^-18 (10^-17) cm^-2 s^-1 sr^-1 at a 90
