Relapsing Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in a Patient Treated with Humira

Leishmanias is an anthropozoonosis caused by the Leishmania protozoa. The manifestation of the disease varies depending on the type of Leishmania and the immunestatus of the patient. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-alpha antagonists were introduced in the late 1990s and have had a marked impact on rheumatic diseases. Tumor necrosis factor plays an important role in the immune systems defense against intracellular infections and the use of TNF-alpha antagonists is linked with an increased frequency of infections. We here present a case of cutaneous leishmaniasis relapse following treatment with miltefosine and amphotericin B, in a patient undergoing treatment with a TNF-alpha antagonist.