Authentication of Domestic Taiwan Rice Varieties Basedon Fingerprinting Analysis of Microsatellite DNA Markers

Microsatellite marker (SSR) analysis was used to differentiate between domestic Taiwan rice varieties and foreign rice cultivars for authentication and traceability. A panel of 32 microsatellite DNA markers and 36 rice varieties from different countries were used for comparative polymorphism analysis. A total of 306 alleles were observed in 32 loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 21, with an average of 9.6. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values varied from 0.205 (RM7023) to 0.926 (RM333), with an average of 0.75. The most useful markers identified for efficient differentiation of domestic Taiwan rice identities were RM21, RM22, RM101, RM333, RM475, RM1387, RM5704, and RM7545. Principle component analysis (PCA) score plot and clustering analysis were sufficient to discriminate between two different groups of rice varieties based on geographic origins. To prevent fraudulent commercial activity, these results provide effective SSR marker sets and workflow for regular genotype verification and premium rice variety purity monitoring in Taiwan. Finally, to ensure the practical use of DNA fingerprinting technology in rice adulteration tests, sensitivity as low as 3 to 7.5 % can be detected by mixing different ratios of Taikeng 9 and Taikeng 16.