Profiling microRNAs in the testis during sexual maturation stages in Eriocheir sinensis

•We profiled and validated microRNAs (miRNAs) in the testis in Eriocheir sinensis.•It is proved some miRNAs were associated with target genes involved in reproductive function.•Tissue-specific expression pattern of the 15 miRNAs were analyzed.•The miRNAs profiling data set can lead to insight on the role of miRNAs in reproductive organs.