Bubble formation on solid surface with a cavity based on molecular dynamics simulation

•Bubble formation of Ar on Pt surface with a cavity is studied by MD simulation.•The cavity enhances bubble formation significantly with different argon density.•Argon in the cavity experiences large density, repulsive force and energy gradients.•Cavity and smooth surfaces are compared with different surface wettabilities.•Argon atoms are solid-like in the cavity with all the hydrophilic surfaces.